
This study provides the first comprehensive spatial risk maps of HPAI introduction and spread in Morocco, highlighting priority provinces for early detection, targeted surveillance, and preventive biosecurity measures. Despite limitations arising from reliance on LPAI data and expert judgment, the approach offers a robust decision-support tool for veterinary authorities. The methodology is adaptable to regional applications and can be refined with real-time surveillance data, enhancing Morocco’s preparedness and resilience against future avian influenza incursions.