Stated willingness-to-pay (WTP) for four complete toilet facilities (inclusive of materials and labor for substructure, slab, and superstructure) in northern Ghana.

Stated WTP values came from double-bounded dichotomous choice surveys administered prior to the auction as part of EnWASH program baseline data collection (n = 478). Shaded regions surrounding each curve provide 95% confidence intervals. Dashed vertical lines indicate the estimated cost of each facility (reported in Table 1). The x-axis includes a break at 1,900 GHS, to allow for greater detail at lower price points.