This chapter examines the roles of women as architects and agents of social change in the environmentally degraded Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Oil revenues account for the majority of Nigeria’s GDP, yet the Niger Delta is among the least developed and improved regions of Nigeria. Efforts by women at all levels have led to a slow but growing awareness that real solutions to the environmental and social crisis must explicitly address how a violent, corrupt oil economy has impacted women’s roles as caregivers and providers in the household and in society, and the need for women to play a central role in public decision-making and reforms.