Systematic Review of E-commerce Adoption Barriers among SMEs in Africa

Digitalization facilitates more efficient communication and operations between firms, provided that businesses adopt and effectively utilize digital technologies. In developing countries, particularly in Africa, SMEs are facing significant challenges in e-commerce adoption. The studies conducted on e-commerce adoption in Africa are inadequate and fragmented with country-specific studies. This study used Technological-Organizational-Environmental factors framework and analyzed 22 peer-reviewed articles published from 2015 to 2024. The findings revealed that limited digital literacy and inadequate ICT infrastructure are the most significant technological factors affecting e-commerce adoption. Among organizational factors, top management support and commitment play a crucial role, while legal and regulatory factors, as well as security and privacy concerns, are key environmental factors influencing e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Africa. Thus, a collaborative approach involving various stakeholders in each country is essential for facilitating successful e-commerce adoption.