Systematic Review on TVET Strategies and Competency Frameworks for AI-Ready Workforce Development in Africa

This systematic review synthesizes empirical evidence on TVET strategies and competency frameworks for AI-ready workforce development in Africa. The study addresses a critical gap in literature, responding to rapid 4IR labour market transformations (Schwab, 2016) and the urgency for African TVET systems to prepare AI-competent workforces (UNESCO, 2021). Guided by five research questions, the review identifies AI-related skills, analyzes TVET strategies and interventions, assesses competency frameworks, synthesizes enablers and barriers, and identifies research gaps.A systematic search of ScienceDirect, IEEE, ERIC, SpringerLink, PubMed, and grey literature identified 161 records. Following duplicate removal, 145 records were screened, with 13 progressing to full-text review. Five studies were excluded, leaving 8 studies for final synthesis. Data extraction followed six core themes: bibliographic information, research design, AI technologies, competency frameworks, key findings, and enablers/barriers.The review contributes theoretically (integrating diverse frameworks), empirically (first comprehensive synthesis), methodologically (systematic evidence base), practically (actionable insights), and developmentally (supporting skills for inclusive growth). Findings inform policy, practice, and future research in African TVET systems.