Table 1_The Landscape Resilience Index: a flexible tool for integrated landscape management.docx

Globally, landscapes are subject to intensifying and interacting environmental pressures, making landscape resilience increasingly important for sustaining ecosystem services, livelihoods, and long-term development. Integrated landscape management offers a promising approach to strengthening resilience, yet many existing monitoring frameworks are not fit for purpose because they are too narrow in either scope or scale. This paper presents the Landscape Resilience Index (LRI), a flexible tool that integrates diverse primary and secondary datasets to monitor progress towards resilience over time across three interconnected pillars: land, water, and adaptive capacity. The LRI combines monitoring at site and landscape scales while aligning outcomes with national policy objectives. Using the Kilombero landscape in Morogoro, Tanzania, as a case study, we demonstrate how the LRI can provide a coherent picture of landscape resilience and identify priority interventions linked to national policy commitments. The framework strengthens the evidence base for adaptive management, policy alignment, and investment by linking local interventions to broader resilience outcomes and supporting more coordinated, scalable landscape action.