The Economic Landscape Of Charcoal Trade In Juba County, South Sudan: Developmental Vs. Environmental Constraints

In South Sudan, charcoal remains a cornerstone of the national energy matrix and a critical livelihood strategy for both rural and urban populations. This study examines the socio-economic dynamics of the charcoal trade in Juba County, exploring its role as a financial lifeline and its subsequent environmental toll. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach involving 100 respondents across three Payams (Kator, Munuki, and Rajaf), the study identifies a high dependency on charcoal for both income 53% and domestic energy 71%. Findings highlight that while the trade mitigates unemployment, it accelerates deforestation, specifically targeting Acacia seyal and Acacia Senegal due to weak regulatory enforcement and a lack of viable energy alternatives. The paper concludes by recommending integrated policy interventions, including the promotion of agroforestry, investment in solar and LPG technologies, and community- led conservation initiatives to balance economic survival with ecological sustainability.