The Effect of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) Practices on Business Sustainability Among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State

This study examined the effect of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices on business sustainability among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by the growing need for businesses to integrate environmental considerations into human resource practices while maintaining economic and social performance. Specifically, the study examined the effects of green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management, and green employee involvement and participation on business sustainability among SMEs. The study adopted a survey research design. Primary data were collected from employees and managers of selected SMEs using a structured questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to determine the individual and combined effects of the GHRM practices on business sustainability. The study is anchored on Ecological Modernization Theory, Natural Resource-Based View Theory, and Resource-Based View Theory, which explain how environmentally oriented organizational practices and human resources can contribute to sustainability and competitive advantage. The study is expected to provide empirical evidence on the role of GHRM in promoting sustainable business practices among SMEs in Calabar Metropolis. The findings will also provide useful information to SME owners, managers, policymakers, and human resource practitioners on the importance of integrating environmental considerations into recruitment, training, performance management, and employee participation. The study concludes that effective implementation of GHRM practices can contribute to the long-term economic, social, and environmental sustainability of SMEs.