This chapter examines the evolution of South Africa's public financial administration (PFA) from apartheid to a democratic state. Using qualitative document analysis of post-1994 legislation and audit reports, it highlights the transition toward transparency, accountability, and equity. The study explores major legislative milestones like the 1996 Constitution, the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA), and the Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA), which modernised governance. It outlines institutional transformations within the National Treasury, Auditor-General, and Revenue Service. Despite these reforms, systemic challenges persist, including corruption, weak municipal management, and capacity constraints. Finally, the study addresses emerging trends reshaping PFA, emphasizing the integration of Green Public Financial Management (Green PFM) for sustainable development and the role of digital transformation in improving efficiency and service delivery.