The Hidden Epidemic: Addressing Substance Misuse in the North-Eastern Combatant Army

Introduction: Substance misuse among Nigerian soldiers particularly in the North-East has become a hidden epidemic, that affects health, discipline, and combat readiness. The unique stressors of warfare, repeated deployments, and psychological trauma have intensified reliance on drugs and alcohol as a coping strategy. Objective: This study investigates the prevalence, causes, and consequences of substance misuse among combatant soldiers operating in the North-eastern Nigeria, focusing on its impact on operational performance and wellbeing. Method: A mixed-methods strategy was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 150 soldiers across Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe States using Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI). Additionally, 30 soldiers participated in in-depth interviews. Chi-square tests and thematic analysis were used to interpret findings. Findings: Results revealed institutional weakness in managing substance misuse, inadequate psychological support, and inadequate enforcement of discipline. Substance misuse was linked to impaired judgment, reduced operational performance, indiscipline, and violent incidents. Gaps in rehabilitation infrastructure and inconsistent policy implementation further exacerbated the problem. Conclusion: Substance misuse poses a serious threat to soldiers’ wellbeing and Nigeria’s national security. Stronger drug policy enforcement, comprehensive mental health interventions, and educational programs are urgently needed to reduce stigma, promote rehabilitation, and sustain military effectiveness.