The Strategic Failure of Armed Struggle: An Analysis of ipob Movement through the Lens of Nonviolent Resistance Framework

Abstract Through the framework of nonviolent resistance, this study assessed the multisectoral consequences of the Indigenous People of Biafra ( ipob ) movement’s strategic shift from nonviolent resistance to armed struggle on the people of Southeast Nigeria. Using a case study design and qualitative data analysis of documents, the study revealed the strategic error of a movement radicalization, identifying its implications on the people of southeastern Nigeria. These include an increase in insecurity and militarization, economic stagnation and displacement of commerce, state repression and human rights abuses, disruption of education, strain on the health system and cost of human lives, and weakening of culture and socio-economic breakdown. The study offers insights into movements’ strategic choices of resistance and guiding the design of resilience initiatives to uphold nonviolence amid repression and other threats. It provides guides to relevant actors on the needed programs to deescalate the conflict for peace and development.