The Triple Burden:  A Biopsychosocial Impact of Visual Impairment in South Africa

Visual impairment has become a significant health concern, presenting challenges beyond mere sight loss. This study aimed to examine the impact of visual impairment in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa through a biopsychosocial lens, considering the interconnected biological, psychological, and social dimensions. The research question that this paper addresses is: What are the biopsychosocial impacts of visual impairment on the lives of individuals in South Africa? A qualitative research methodology using the interpretivist research paradigm was employed. A sample of people with visual impairments participated in the study and shared their lived experiences. Semi-structured, one-on-one, in-depth interviews were conducted between June and December 2020. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The concepts of visual impairment, social support, empowerment, and their application to the biopsychosocial model were reviewed. The results were categorised into themes: biological challenges, psychology, and the social impact of visual impairment. This approach is essential to promoting independence, well-being, and full societal participation for people with visual impairment. Applying the biopsychosocial model, this paper highlights the need for comprehensive interventions beyond medical treatment, including psychological support and inclusive social policy.