Vaccine Economics and Policy in Morocco: Financing, Efficiency, Access, and the Transition Toward Health Sovereignty

Introduction: Vaccination is a public health intervention, an economic investment, and a health-security instrument. In Morocco, the national immunization program (PNI) has progressively expanded to include newer vaccines, while the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced concerns over supply security, logistical resilience, and local production. Objective: To analyze the evolution of vaccine economics and policy in Morocco, focusing on financing, the introduction of new vaccines, economic evaluation data, access, supply chains, and the transition toward greater industrial autonomy. Methods: A scoping review mapped available evidence on vaccine economics and policy in Morocco, combining Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, and ScienceDirect, supplemented by relevant institutional sources. Selection, extraction, and synthesis followed PRISMA-ScR principles, and studies were classified by relevance to Morocco and by the economic, programmatic, logistical, financial, and industrial dimensions examined. Results: The Moroccan literature shows an economic evidence base that is still limited but now better structured, with the most robust data concerning rotavirus and HPV. PubMed confirmed the Moroccan rotavirus economic evaluation by Mohy et al. [2], while Web of Science and ScienceDirect broadened the analysis to vaccine financing, procurement, pricing, local production, and African industrial capacity. The systematic review by Bishop et al. [1], covering 26 economic evaluations (12 HPV, 9 rotavirus, 5 pneumococcal), concludes that PCV and rotavirus vaccination are generally economically favorable and that HPV vaccination is generally cost-effective in Morocco. The evidence converges on the importance of assessing total program cost, budget impact, financing sustainability, and the economic viability of local production, beyond acquisition price alone. Conclusion: Morocco is moving from a model centered on vaccination coverage toward an integrated policy combining prevention, economic efficiency, budget sustainability, supply security, local production, and African cooperation. Developing cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and budget-impact analyses based on national data appears essential to guide future vaccination decisions.