Why Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) Integration in Biology Teaching is Challenging and achievement of learning outcomes in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Abstract: Biology has been identified as an important scientific discipline contributing to vital innovations in health such as genetic engineering and medicine. The national examination reports in Kenya from 2013 to 2023 have however consistently revealed dismal achievement of learners ‘learning outcomes in Biology. Even though educators are aware of the positive impact Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration may have on achievement of learning outcomes, researchers have reported minimal ICT integration in Biology teaching. This study investigated the challenges of ICT intergration in Biology teaching and its influence on students’ attainment of intended learning. The study utilised a mixed-methods approach following the explanatory sequential design.  Phase one of the study began with a quantitative survey whose results informed the qualitative inquiry which was done in selected secondary schools. The study targeted 114 public secondary schools in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using in-depth interview schedules, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) and classroom observation schedules. Respondents of the study included: Biology teachers, students and subject experts from the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD), the Centre for Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in Africa (CEMASTEA) and Biology education lecturers from Kenyatta University. The findings revealed Teachers rarely used ICT integration due to lack of knowhow; phobia; ignorance; and principals’ lack of understanding. This study concluded that ICT integration was unsatisfactory and thus enhanced achievement of low order cognitive outcomes, inadequate skills outcomes and low interests in Biology Keywords:  ICT Integration, challenges, achievement of learning outcomes, teaching and learning. Title: Why Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) Integration in Biology Teaching is Challenging and achievement of learning outcomes in Nairobi City County, Kenya Author: Dr. Roseline M. Osugo International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning ISSN 2394-9686 Vol. 13, Issue 4, July 2026 - August 2026 Page No: 61-66 Novelty Journals Website: www.noveltyjournals.com Published Date: 12-August-2026 DOI: doi.org Paper Download Link (Source) noveltyjournals.com