Willingness to receive monkeypox vaccine and associated factors among the Ghanaian population: Findings from a nationwide survey

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recommends vaccination as an important public health intervention for controlling mpox outbreaks globally. The willingness to receive mpox vaccine and associated determinants is not fully understood in Ghana. The study therefore assessed Ghanaians' willingness to receive mpox vaccine and the associated factors using the 5 C vaccine uptake model. Methods This was a nationwide cross-sectional online survey conducted between July and October 2025 in Ghana. The study was conducted and reported in line with the STROBE Checklist for cross-sectional studies. The questionnaire was adopted and modified based on the five psychological antecedents of vaccination (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation, and collective responsibility) and the WHO frequently asked questions on mpox. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multivariate analysis were performed using Stata version 17. Results The study involved 1670 respondents, with most of them in the 18–22 years age category (761, 45.61%) and predominantly females (1296, 77.60%). Most of the respondents indicated their willingness to take the vaccine (1006, 60.24%). Vaccine confidence (p ≤ 0.001), complacency (p ≤ 0.001), and calculation (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with the willingness to receive mpox vaccine. Age 23–27 years was significantly associated with higher odds of receiving the mpox vaccine (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.11–1.80; p = 0.005). Respondents in the Bono (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.32–5.42; p = 0.007), North-East (aOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.11–4.76; p = 0.026), and Savannah (aOR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.01–3.28; p = 0.048) regions were significantly associated with higher odds of receiving the mpox vaccine. High vaccine confidence (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.40–2.20; p = p ≤ 0.001) and calculation (aOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.35–2.06; p = p ≤ 0.001) were also associated with higher odds of willingness to receive the mpox vaccine. Conclusion Willingness to receive the mpox vaccine was high among the respondents. Tailored interventions aimed at improving vaccine confidence, complacency, and calculation are recommended. Such interventions should be age-appropriate and consider regions with low vaccine willingness rates.