Development of a Mobile Application to Support isiXhosa Learning  for Non-Xhosa Speakers in Eastern Cape Universities

This paper presents the design and author-led evaluation of a mobile application prototype developed to support isiXhosa language acquisition among non-Xhosa-speaking students in Eastern Cape universities. Using the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), the study draws on evidence related to linguistic complexity, sociocultural barriers, pedagogical constraints, and technological inequalities that shape indigenous language learning in higher education. These insights informed the development of a modular Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) prototype incorporating audio pronunciation guidance, interactive quizzes, bilingual scaffolding, progress tracking, and culturally contextualised content. The system was implemented using contemporary web and mobile technologies to ensure accessibility across devices and varying connectivity conditions. The prototype was evaluated against structured criteria examining usability, functional adequacy, cultural relevance, and pedagogical alignment. Findings indicate that the application offers an intuitive, context-responsive platform with the potential to enhance multilingual support. Recommendations include expanding content depth, enhancing offline capability, and integrating improved pronunciation feedback in future iterations.