This dataset contains an unbalanced panel of 468 firm-year observations from 48 medium-sized and large mining companies operating in South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Mali, and Madagascar over the period 2013–2022. The data were compiled from publicly available annual reports, integrated reports, sustainability reports, ESG reports, corporate websites, and international databases. Variables include the Digitalisation Index, Sustainable Operational Performance Index, operational efficiency, equipment utilization and maintenance effectiveness, resource utilization and environmental sustainability, occupational health and safety, and firm-level control variables. The dataset supports longitudinal panel-data analyses using Fixed Effects and System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) estimators and accompanies the manuscript "Digitalisation and Sustainable Operational Performance in Sub-Saharan African Mining Companies." Publicly available data; no confidential information