This dataset accompanies the study Digitalisation and Organisational Transformation: Evidence from Mining Companies in Sub-Saharan Africa. It comprises a balanced panel of 600 firm-year observations from 60 medium- and large-scale mining companies operating in South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, and Madagascar over the period 2013–2022. The dataset integrates firm-level and country-level indicators measuring digitalisation, organisational transformation, institutional quality, firm characteristics, and macroeconomic conditions. Organisational transformation is operationalised as a multidimensional construct encompassing organisational structure, leadership transformation, workforce capability, organisational culture, knowledge management, innovation capability, strategic decision-making, and organisational agility. The data support longitudinal panel regression analyses examining the direct effect of digitalisation on organisational transformation and the moderating influence of institutional quality. Developed to underpin the empirical findings reported in the accompanying study, the dataset provides a valuable resource for research on digital transformation, organisational change, strategic management, and the mining sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. This dataset supports the empirical analyses reported in the accompanying manuscript submitted for publication. The dataset is intended for research and educational purposes and should be cited alongside the associated publication.