Disruptive Technologies and Digital Transformation in Kenya's Academic Libraries

This chapter discusses how disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality, blockchain, and enhanced automation, are transforming academic libraries in Kenya. Theories of disruptive innovation and technology acceptance underpin the study, which employed qualitative methodologies. Primary data were gathered from librarians at all chartered universities in Kenya through key informant interviews. Supplementary secondary data were collected through a comprehensive review of the literature, along with documentary analysis. The data were analysed thematically. The chapter demonstrates that Kenyan institutions of higher learning have made significant progress in digitising services, establishing institutional repositories, and implementing integrated library management systems (ILMS). This advancement has been made possible by strategic forethought, national policy frameworks, new technology, changing user expectations, and libraries working together. However, there are problems along the way to change. Some of these include ongoing financial issues, inadequate information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, a significant skills gap among library workers, a lack of defined strategic frameworks, resistance to change, and concerns about digital inequality and cybersecurity. Even with these problems, the study identifies several ways that academic libraries in Kenya can make materials easier to find, tailor services to individual needs, and adjust their responsibilities in supporting teaching, learning, and research. It recommends prioritising institutional investment, consistently building capacity, developing strong policies, promoting inclusive design, and strengthening collaborations. Significantly, this chapter demonstrates that the digital disruption witnessed by Kenyan academic libraries is a complex, strategic, and cultural necessity that is essential for enhancing education and supporting the country's growth in the digital age.