Sustainable development in Africa requires innovative, interdisciplinary approaches that respond to the continent’s unique challenges and opportunities. This book brings together research and reflections across health sciences, education, agriculture, and policy, presenting actionable strategies for advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This volume presents insights into how bioactive compounds from medicinal plants can support public health (SDG 3), how civic education fosters active citizenship, and how solid-state fermentation enhances livestock production and rural economies. It also explores resource efficiency and critically examines Nigeria’s progress and challenges in implementing the SDGs. Together, these chapters offer valuable perspectives for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners working toward inclusive and resilient development across Africa.