In recent decades, the diaspora has been recognised as an important actor in the global development industry, not only because of the growing volume of remittances, but also because of the specific interest in their engagement by governments. Indeed, there has been a proliferation of initiatives and strategies to channel diaspora resources in the service of national development projects. However, the definitions of diaspora and the strategic approaches contained in the policy documents of various African governments seem to diverge from what has been highlighted by scholars over time. These divergences seem to open a space for an opportunistic and exclusionary conception of diaspora, with possible consequences at both theoretical and practical levels. This article draws on the recently launched diaspora engagement policies of some African countries to develop theoretical reflections that may be useful for the development of future studies and research on the topic.