Assessment of the Contribution of Women's Self-Help Groups on Natural Resource Conservation in Rutsiro District, Rwanda

Rwanda continues to experience environmental degradation due to deforestation, soil erosion, and unsustainable land use practices, particularly in the Western Province. Although women play a vital role in natural resource management, they are often excluded from formal conservation initiatives because of limited access to resources, information, and decision-making opportunities. This study assessed the contribution of women's Self-Help Groups (SHGs) to natural resource conservation in Rutsiro District, Rwanda, between 2020 and 2024 using a concurrent mixed-methods research design. Data were collected from 399 respondents through semi-structured questionnaires, complemented by key informant interviews and focus group discussions involving SHG members, local leaders, agricultural extension officers, and environmental experts. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings showed that SHGs improved household income, savings, income stability, and members' ability to meet basic needs. They also strengthened group cohesion through regular meetings and promoted financial accountability through timely loan disbursement and repayment. The study found that women's SHGs significantly contributed to natural resource conservation through soil erosion control, organic farming, and biodiversity awareness. A strong positive relationship (r = 0.784, p = 0.000) was observed between SHG activities and conservation outcomes. The study recommends increased financial support, gender responsive training, and stronger integration of SHGs into Rwanda's environmental conservation policies.