Evaluating The Effectiveness of Strength and Conditioning Programs as Preventive Strategies in School Sports: The Emerging Role of Exercise Physiologists in Sierra Leone

Introduction: Sports-related injuries remain a significant challenge among school-aged athletes, particularly in developing countries where structured injury prevention programs and sports science support are limited. Strength and Conditioning (S&C) programs have been recognized globally as effective strategies for reducing injury risk and enhancing athletic performance. This study examined the effectiveness of S&C programs as preventive tools in school sports and explored the role of exercise physiologists in Sierra Leone. Methodology: A cross-sectional convergent mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 150 student-athletes using structured questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews with 20 key informants, including physical education teachers, coaches, sports coordinators, and exercise physiologists. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed using SPSS Version 27, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results: Sports injury prevalence was 52.7%, with muscle strains (36.7%) and ankle sprains (26.6%) being the most common injuries. Participation in structured S&C programs was significantly associated with lower injury occurrence (χ² = 15.87, p < .001). Logistic regression indicated that S&C participation, injury prevention knowledge, and coach supervision significantly reduced injury risk. Qualitative findings highlighted limited awareness, inadequate conditioning practices, and a shortage of exercise physiologists. Conclusion: Structured S&C programs significantly contribute to injury prevention among school-aged athletes. Integrating exercise physiologists into school sports systems may enhance athlete safety, physical development, and overall sports performance in Sierra Leone.