Evaluation of the thermal performance of locally available building materials for energy-efficient housing in Ikumbya Village, Luuka District

Ensuring thermal comfort in rural housing is critical for public health, energy efficiency, and sustainable development, particularly in regions like Luuka District, Uganda, where households predominantly rely on locally available materials and biomass energy. This study evaluated the thermal performance of local building materials and assessed community awareness, energy use, and adaptation strategies in 20 randomly selected rural households. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, observational assessments, and literature review, focusing on wall, roof, floor, and insulation materials, as well as indoor temperature, ventilation, and energy consumption patterns. Findings indicate that burnt bricks (50%), mud and wattle (30%), and iron sheet roofing (60%) dominate construction, yet poor insulation, lack of ceilings (70%), and suboptimal ventilation contribute to significant indoor temperature fluctuations excessive heat during the day and cold at night. While 65% of respondents were aware of thermal insulation and recognized its importance, practical implementation was limited by insufficient technical knowledge and skilled labor. Households primarily depended on firewood (65%) and charcoal (30%), incurring substantial energy costs. The study identified locally available materials such as clay, straw, bamboo, and corrugated iron sheets with insulating linings as promising solutions to improve thermal performance. Recommendations include community training on energy-efficient construction, promotion of thermally efficient materials, technical and financial support, and integration of renewable energy solutions to reduce reliance on biomass. Overall, enhancing the thermal efficiency of rural houses in Ikumbya Village, Luuka District is feasible through optimized use of local materials, improved design practices, and community empowerment, supporting both energy conservation and occupant comfort.