Africa faces the greatest threat due to climate change. This research stems from the growing concern
Phase change materials (PCMs) hold promise for enhancing building energy efficiency. Smart walls wit
Ensuring thermal comfort in rural housing is critical for public health, energy efficiency, and sust
Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate the optimization of an existing residential building in a tr
The challenges of poverty and insurgency have caused problems of different dimensions in north-easte
Abstract The principle applied in the design and construction of the residential building's envelope