Methodological Assessment of Water Treatment Facilities in Ethiopia Using Panel Data for Adoption Rate Evaluation

Water treatment facilities are critical for ensuring safe drinking water in Ethiopia, contributing to public health and economic development. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative (panel data analysis) and qualitative insights will be employed. The Poisson regression model with robust standard errors will estimate the impact of socio-economic indicators on adoption rates. Preliminary results suggest a significant positive correlation between household income levels and water treatment facility adoption, indicating that higher-income households are more likely to adopt these systems. The study highlights the importance of socioeconomic factors in determining the adoption of water treatment facilities. Policy recommendations will focus on targeted interventions for low-income communities. Implementing awareness campaigns and subsidizing initial costs could enhance uptake among economically disadvantaged populations, thereby improving public health outcomes. The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.