Power Asymmetry Dynamics: Assessing Interdependence in France-Cameroon Relations Through Economic and Security Cooperation (2000–2024)

This paper examines the dynamics of power asymmetry in the interdependent relationship between Cameroon and France from 2000 – 2024 with a focus on security and economic cooperation. The main research question asks: To what extent has power asymmetry reinforced or mitigated the interdependent relationship between Cameroon and France within the realm of economic and security cooperation? Based on the hypothesis that increased interdependence between these two states during this period has strengthened existing power disparity. The paper examines how such dynamics have restrained Cameroon’s autonomy and its capacity to pursue policy goals. The theoretical framework combines dependency theory, postcolonial theory and hierarchical international theory to provide a complex angle for understanding the persistence of asymmetric relations deeply rooted in historical colonial legacies. Methodologically, the research adopted qualitative approaches, including document analysis such as books, journals, official documents, comprehensive policy review and thematic analysis of official speeches, bilateral agreements and relevant literature. This approach allows an in-depth examination regarding the ways in which security and economic cooperation have unfolded during the past five decades. The findings reveal how power asymmetry between Cameroon and France remains deeply inherent and continues to be entrenched in colonial era institutions. Economic cooperation delineates patterns of dependency between these two states. Consequently, Cameroon’s economic programs are often limited by French influence and interests even as Cameroon employs strategic agency in maneuvering these constraints such as re-negotiation of bilateral agreements. In the sphere of security cooperation, it emphasizes the complexities of contestation with Cameroon struggling to enhance its security against the security frameworks that often prioritize French strategic interests in the region. While there are instances of contestation and agency in this relationship, the paper findings reveal limited transformative potential as enduring asymmetries restrain substantial dynamics balance of power. In conclusion, this paper underline paradox of interdependence in the Cameroon – France relationship: while cooperation has increased, this has simultaneously intensified power asymmetries which limit Cameroon’s policy autonomy. This dynamic asks for a critical reflection on the nature of postcolonial cooperation emphasizing the need for a fairer partnership that genuinely uphold Cameroon’s economic and security independent development. This explicitly calls for a broader debate on the decolonization of international relations with more diverse and equitable cooperation between North – South countries.