Prevalence of bronchial asthma and associated risk factors among preparatory school children in two schools in Cairo, Egypt: A cross-sectional study (2025)

Background Bronchial asthma is a globally prevalent pediatric condition, affecting 6%–9% of children, with rising incidence linked to genetic and environmental factors. It negatively impacts quality of life and increases healthcare demands. In Egypt, data on asthma prevalence among preparatory school-aged children remain limited. Objective To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of bronchial asthma among preparatory schoolgirls in El Weilli District, Cairo. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2024–2025 academic year using the validated Arabic version of the ISAAC questionnaire. Sociodemographic and asthma-related risk factors were evaluated among 360 female students aged 12–15 years (mean ± SD: 12.96 ± 0.70) from two schools. A health education session was provided for asthma patients, addressing core asthma concepts, proper inhaler use, and the importance of follow-up. A knowledge assessment was performed before and after the intervention during the same session. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests examined associations; logistic regression identified significant predictors. Results Physician-confirmed asthma was reported in 12.5% (45/360), while the ISAAC questionnaire score -based prevalence was 28.3% (102/360). Significant risk factors in univariate analysis (p ≤ 0.05) includes family and personal history of allergies, exposure to smoke, detergents, and pets. Independent predictors were family history of asthma/allergy, recurrent respiratory infections, and father’s education level. Post-education assessments revealed significant improvement in knowledge (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Bronchial asthma is notably prevalent in this population. Early identification and intervention targeting modifiable risks are essential.