Scorpion Stings in Sudan: Venom, War & Gold Rush

This presentation was prepared for LSTM’s Knowledge Transfer Club and delivered on July 4th 2024. It outlines the complex interplay of environmental, social, and political factors influencing scorpion envenomation in Sudan and emphasises the necessity for comprehensive public health strategies and ongoing research to mitigate the impact of scorpion stings on affected populations. Contents Overview:1. Introduction   - Background on scorpions' ancient presence and significance in Sudan.   - Basic information about Sudan. 2. Epidemiology of Scorpion Stings   - Factors like gold rush, founding effects and overhunting affecting scorpion populations.   - High-risk groups and demographic data (e.g., males and children).   - Key statistics: 129,427 victims from 2014 to 2018, 2.6% mortality rate among hospitalized patients. 3. Healthcare and Public Health Initiatives conducted by TORC, University of Khartoum   - Public awareness campaigns and survey conduction.   - Development and distribution of ID cards in Arabic for better scorpion identification and treatment.   - Pre- and post-war health facility access and antivenom availability.   - The deterioration of healthcare due to conflict, including the seizure and destruction of medical supplies. 4. Research and Future Directions   - Emphasis on the need for systematic reporting and research.   - Ongoing efforts in raising awareness and improving treatment protocols. Key Highlights:- Scorpion Species: Includes medically significant species like Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus sp. and Hottentota spp.- Social and Environmental Impact: Highlighted the forced displacement and social inequalities exacerbated by war and pre-war.- Public Health Role: Importance of social media in raising public health awareness during times of conflict.- Healthcare Challenges: Major setbacks in healthcare access and antivenom availability due to the ongoing war and targeted attacks on medical facilities.