Smart Building Strategies for Seamless IoT Integration without Structural Remodelling: A Case Study on Dakkada Tower, Uyo, Nigeria

This study explores ways to integrate Internet of Things (IoT) solutions into existing structures without undergoing structural renovation, using Nigeria’s Dakkada Tower as a case study. Retrofit feasibility was evaluated using a mixed methods approach that included a stakeholder survey (n=54) and energy simulations based on Python. The findings showed that comprehensive retrofits could save up to 27.7% in energy, while scenarios focused on lighting could save 10.4%. In addition to energy savings, adoption was significantly influenced by factors like improved security, greater control for tenants, and the need for education. The findings highlight problems specific to Nigeria, including erratic grid supplies, a deficiency in technical know-how (4.2/5), and ambiguous laws (4.2/5). The poll indicates that interoperability issues and rural connectivity limits make scalability more challenging (3.5/5). However, stakeholder preferences form incentives (38.9%) and Dakkada Tower’s preinstalled smart elements suggest possible areas for targeted policy support. By aligning the proposed stepwise retrofit techniques with the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN, this study closes a vacuum in the literature on African urbanism. The results provide policy-relevant insights for frameworks such as NITDA’s IoT plan and helpful guidance for facility managers, particularly with prioritizing occupant agency and datadriven analytics. Although it is not a one-size-fits-all solution, IoT retrofitting provides a scalable method of modernizing urban infrastructure in developing countries. With the right assistance and platforms that are driven by innovation, such as IoT West Africa, legacy structures can be changed to meet efficiency and sustainability goals.