Stories Behind the Adaptation Commitments in the Nationally Determined Contributions of Cambodia, Rwanda, Colombia, and Fiji

Understanding how countries develop the adaptation components of their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) is helpful for informing how they are strengthened in each update cycle. This paper analyzes the process used to develop the updated NDC adaptation components in four countries: Cambodia, Rwanda, Colombia, and Fiji. It investigates whether and how seven qualitative factors were evident in each country’s NDC development process. The findings highlight good practices and lessons for developing future adaptation NDCs.