The Evolving Role of Social Media in Mobilising Collective Action: A Comparative Case Study of Egypt (2011) and Lebanon (2019)

This paper employs a comparative case study methodology to analyse the role of social media in mobilizing collective action during the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 and the Lebanese Protests of 2019. The research investigates how social media platforms were utilised to organize protests, disseminate information, and foster collective identity among protesters. By comparing these two cases, the paper identifies key differences in platform usage, mobilization strategies, and government responses, reflecting the evolving technological and socio-political contexts. The findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of digital activism and its impact on political participation and community formation in the Middle East.