Mathematics education in Ghana frequently faces challenges related to student engagement. This study examined the effect of Assessment for Learning (AfL) strategies on students' interest and participation in mathematics. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 100 Form Two Visual Arts students from a Ghanaian senior high school, assigned to experimental (n=50) and control (n=50) groups. Over an eight-week intervention, the experimental group received instruction integrated with AfL strategies like formative feedback and peer assessment, while the control group received conventional teaching. Data from post-intervention questionnaires revealed that the experimental group reported significantly higher interest (M=3.52 vs. M=2.61, p<.001, d=2.62) and participation (M=3.55 vs. M=2.54, p<.001, d=3.00) than the control group. The exceptionally large effect sizes demonstrate that AfL can profoundly enhance affective engagement, challenging assumptions about its feasibility in resource-constrained contexts. The study provides compelling evidence for integrating AfL into teacher training and mathematics pedagogy in Ghana and similar environments.