Information and Communications Technology (ICTs) and telecommunication service provision in developing countries is undergoing speedy progress and inspiring numerous deployments. It has been looked upon as a substitute to accelerating social and economic growth and shows the potential to provide the goal of “communication access for all” in both rural and urban areas. One of the areas which Zambia as a country is facing is lack of a unified backbone optical transmission to carry services to majority of the areas both rural and pre-urban areas. This paper analyses the unified backbone optical transmission.