This study analyzes the historical and social conceptions attributed to persons with disabilities and the challenges of inclusive education in Guinea-Bissau. It argues that persons with disabilities have been subjected to different forms of exclusion throughout human history, which have constrained their access to education. The influence of religious, cultural, political, economic, and social factors has contributed to the exclusion of persons with disabilities, while inclusive education has emerged as a right aimed at ensuring equal opportunities for all. The study adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on bibliographic and documentary research. The findings indicate that the social history of disability has contributed to the development and persistence of exclusionary social practices and that inclusive education remains a challenge for educational policies and practices aimed at ensuring the inclusion of persons with disabilities.