A Review of Biotic Interactions and Taxon Names Found in globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees hash://md5/aa732895bbe79ffb0c55adc8bd598c3f

Introduction Data Review and Archive Data review and archiving can be a time-consuming process, especially when done manually. This review report aims to help facilitate both activities. It automates the archiving of datasets, including Darwin Core archives, and is a citable backup of a version of the dataset. Additionally, an automatic review of species interaction claims made in the dataset is generated and registered with Global Biotic Interactions (J. H. Poelen, Simons, and Mungall 2014). This review includes summary statistics about, and observations about, the dataset under review: Eardley C, Coetzer W. 2016. Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees. zenodo.org 2025-04-04T23:32:15.152Z hash://md5/aa732895bbe79ffb0c55adc8bd598c3f For additional metadata related to this dataset, please visit github.com and inspect associated metadata files including, but not limited to, README.md, eml.xml, and/or globi.json. Methods The review is performed through programmatic scripts that leverage tools like Preston (Elliott et al. 2025), Elton (Kuhn, Poelen, and Leinweber 2025), Nomer (Salim and Poelen 2025), globinizer (J. Poelen, Seltmann, and Mietchen 2024) combined with third-party tools like grep, mlr, tail and head. Tools used in this review process tool name version preston 0.10.1 elton 0.15.9 nomer 0.5.13 globinizer 0.4.0 mlr 6.0.0 jq 1.6 yq 4.25.3 pandoc 3.1.6.1 The review process can be described in the form of the script below 1. # get versioned copy of the dataset (size approx. 2.84MiB) under review elton pull globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees # generate review notes elton review globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees\ > review.tsv # export indexed interaction records elton interactions globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees\ > interactions.tsv # export names and align them with the Catalogue of Life using Nomer elton names globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees\ | nomer append col\ > name-alignment.tsv or visually, in a process diagram. Review Process Overview You can find a copy of the full review script at check-data.sh. See also GitHub and Codeberg. Results In the following sections, the results of the review are summarized 2. Then, links to the detailed review reports are provided. Files The following files are produced in this review: filename description biblio.bib list of bibliographic reference of this review check-dataset.sh data review workflow/process as expressed in a bash script data.zip a versioned Preston (Elliott et al. 2025) archive of the data under review HEAD the digital signature of the data under review index.docx review in MS Word format index.html review in HTML format index.md review in Pandoc markdown format index.pdf review in PDF format indexed-citations.csv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped comma-separated values file format indexed-citations.html.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interactions claims in gzipped html file format indexed-citations.tsv.gz list of distinct reference citations for reviewed species interaction claims in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-interactions-col-family-col-family.svg network diagram showing the taxon family to taxon family interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) indexed-interactions-col-kingdom-col-kingdom.svg network diagram showing the taxon kingdom to taxon kingom interaction claims in the dataset under review as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life via Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) indexed-interactions.csv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-interactions.html.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped html format indexed-interactions.tsv.gz species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-interactions-sample.csv list of species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-interactions-sample.html first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in html format indexed-interactions-sample.tsv first 500 species interaction claims indexed from the dataset under review in tab-separated values format indexed-names.csv.gz taxonomic names indexed from the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped html format indexed-names.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-col.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-col.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-col.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Catalogue of Life as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-discoverlife.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Discover Life bee species checklist as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-gbif.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-gbif.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-gbif.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with GBIF Backbone Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-itis.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-itis.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-itis.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-mdd.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-mdd.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-mdd.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Mammal Diversity Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-ncbi.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the NCBI Taxonomy as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-pbdb.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with Paleobiology Database as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-tpt.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-tpt.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-tpt.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the Terrestrial Parasite Tracker (TPT) Taxonomic Resource as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-wfo.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-wfo.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-wfo.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World of Flora Online as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-worms.csv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped comma-separated values format indexed-names-resolved-worms.html.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped html format indexed-names-resolved-worms.tsv.gz taxonomic names found in the dataset under review aligned with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) as accessed through the Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources (J. H. (ed. ). Poelen 2024) in gzipped tab-separated values format indexed-names-sample.csv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in comma-separated values format indexed-names-sample.html first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in html format indexed-names-sample.tsv first 500 taxonomic names found in the dataset under review in tab-separated values format interaction.svg diagram summarizing the data model used to index species interaction claims nanopub-sample.trig first 500 species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014) nanopub.trig.gz species interaction claims as expressed in the nanopub format (Kuhn and Dumontier 2014) process.svg diagram summarizing the data review processing workflow prov.nq origin of the dataset under review as expressed in rdf/nquads review.csv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped comma-separated values format review.html.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped html format review.tsv.gz review notes associated with the dataset under review in gzipped tab-separated values format review-sample.csv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in comma-separated values format review-sample.html first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in html format review-sample.tsv first 500 review notes associated with the dataset under review in tab-separated values format review.svg a review badge generated as part of the dataset review process zenodo.json metadata of this review expressed in Zenodo record metadata Archived Dataset Note that data.zip file in this archive contains the complete, unmodified archived dataset under review. Biotic Interactions Biotic Interaction Data Model In this review, biotic interactions (or biotic associations) are modeled as a primary (aka subject, source) organism interacting with an associate (aka object, target) organism. The dataset under review classified the primary/associate organisms with specific taxa. The primary and associate organisms The kind of interaction is documented as an interaction type. The dataset under review, named globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees, has fingerprint hash://md5/aa732895bbe79ffb0c55adc8bd598c3f, is 2.84MiB in size and contains 5,780 interaction with 4 unique types of associations (e.g., visitsFlowersOf) between 1,148 primary taxon (e.g., Dactylurina staudingeri (Gribodo)) and 1,452 associated taxon (e.g., Stachytarpheta angustifolia). An exhaustive list of indexed interaction claims can be found in gzipped csv and tsv archives. To facilitate discovery, a preview of claims available in the gzipped html page at indexed-interactions.html.gz are shown below. The exhaustive list was used to create the following data summaries below. Sample of Indexed Interaction Claims sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName referenceCitation Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) ernesti Pauly visitsFlowersOf Urena lobata Michener, C.D. 2007. The Bees of the World. Second Edition. 953 pp. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) evanidum (Vachal) visitsFlowersOf Heterotis decumbens Pauly, A. 1999. Classification des Halictini de la Région Afrotropicale (Hymenoptera Apoidea Halictidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 69: 137-196 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) evanidum (Vachal) visitsFlowersOf Otomeria guineensis Pauly, A. 1999. Classification des Halictini de la Région Afrotropicale (Hymenoptera Apoidea Halictidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 69: 137-196 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) evanidum (Vachal) visitsFlowersOf Solenostemon sp. Pauly, A. 1999. Classification des Halictini de la Région Afrotropicale (Hymenoptera Apoidea Halictidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 69: 137-196 Most Frequently Mentioned Interaction Types (up to 20 most frequent) interactionTypeName count visitsFlowersOf 5339 interactsWith 198 hasParasite 182 hasHost 61 Most Frequently Mentioned Primary Taxa (up to 20 most frequent) sourceTaxonName count Dactylurina staudingeri (Gribodo) 66 Amegilla (Micramegilla) niveata (Friese) 55 Anthophora (Pyganthophora) diversipes Friese 54 Anthophora diversipes Friese, 1922 54 Amegilla nivea (Lepeletier) 49 Amegilla (Zebramegilla) obscuriceps (Friese) 47 Amegilla (Zebramegilla) spilostoma (Cameron) 46 Lipotriches digitata (Friese) 43 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) emirnense (Benoist) 40 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) antennatum (Benoist) 40 Lasioglossum emirnense (Benoist) 40 Megachile (Eutricharaea) piliceps de Saussure 38 Megachile piliceps de Saussure, 1891 38 Rediviva (Rediviva) neliana Cockerell 37 Rediviva neliana Cockerell, 1931 37 Rediviva (Deriviva) intermixta (Cockerell) 36 Rediviva intermixta (Cockerell) 36 Braunsapis otavica (Cockerell) 33 Rediviva (Rediviva) macgregori Whitehead and Steiner 30 Most Frequently Mentioned Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent) targetTaxonName count Stachytarpheta angustifolia 65 Borreria verticillata 61 Compositae 48 Indigofera sp. 45 Senecio sp. 35 Crotalaria sp. 35 Sesamum sp. 33 Haronga madagascariensis 32 Anchusa capensis 31 Hermannia disermifolia 30 Wahlenbergia sp. 29 Lebeckia sericea 29 Berkheya fruticosa 28 Hermannia sp. 26 Mesembryanthemaceae 26 Dacryodes edulis 25 Asclepias buchenaviana 25 Mangifera indica 24 Emilia citrina 24 Most Frequent Interactions between Primary and Associate Taxa (up to 20 most frequent) sourceTaxonName interactionTypeName targetTaxonName count Amegilla (Micramegilla) niveata (Friese) visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Anthophora (Pyganthophora) abrochia Eardley and Brooks visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Pachymelus (Pachymelus) peringueyi (Friese) visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Anthophora (Pyganthophora) diversipes Friese visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Anthophora (Pyganthophora) krugeri Eardley and Brooks visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Plesianthidium (Spinanthidium) calescens (Cockerell) visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Plesianthidium (Spinanthidium) trachusiforme (Friese) visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Capicola danforthi Eardley visitsFlowersOf Wahlenbergia annularis 2 Anthophora diversipes Friese, 1922 visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Pachymelus peringueyi (Friese) visitsFlowersOf Hermannia disermifolia 2 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) ernesti Pauly visitsFlowersOf Urena lobata 1 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) evanidum (Vachal) visitsFlowersOf Heterotis decumbens 1 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) evanidum (Vachal) visitsFlowersOf Otomeria guineensis 1 Lasioglossum (Ctenonomia) evanidum (Vachal) visitsFlowersOf Solenostemon sp. 1 Melitta (Cilissa) katherinae Eardley visitsFlowersOf Acacia gerrardii 1 Cellariella kalaharica (Cockerell) visitsFlowersOf Euphorbia sp. 1 Coelioxys (Coelioxys) erythrura Spinola visitsFlowersOf Agrostis tremula 1 Coelioxys (Coelioxys) erythrura Spinola visitsFlowersOf Andropogon gayanus 1 Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) inconstans Smith hasParasite Coelopencyrtus callainus 1 Interaction Networks The figures below provide a graph view on the dataset under review. The first shows a summary network on the kingdom level, and the second shows how interactions on the family level. It is important to note that both network graphs were first aligned taxonomically using the Catalogue of Life. Please refer to the original (or verbatim) taxonomic names for a more original view on the interaction data. Interactions on taxonomic kingdom rank as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life download svg Interactions on the taxonomic family rank as interpreted by the Catalogue of Life. download svg You can download the indexed dataset under review at indexed-interactions.csv.gz. A tab-separated file can be found at indexed-interactions.tsv.gz Learn more about the structure of this download at GloBI website, by opening a GitHub issue, or by sending an email. Another way to discover the dataset under review is by searching for it on the GloBI website. Taxonomic Alignment As part of the review, all names are aligned against various name catalogs (e.g., col, ncbi, discoverlife, gbif, itis, wfo, mdd, tpt, pbdb, and worms). These alignments can help review name usage or aid in selecting of a suitable taxonomic name resource. Sample of Name Alignments providedName relationName resolvedCatalogName resolvedName Patellapis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Patellapis Lasioglossum HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Lasioglossum Seladonia NONE col Seladonia Afroheriades HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME col Afroheriades Distribution of Taxonomic Ranks of Aligned Names by Catalog. Names that were not aligned with a catalog are counted as NAs. So, the total number of unaligned names for a catalog will be listed in their NA row. resolvedCatalogName resolvedRank count col NA 188 col family 42 col genus 296 col section 1 col species 1452 col subfamily 2 col subgenus 2 col subspecies 33 col variety 7 discoverlife NA 1429 discoverlife species 565 gbif NA 104 gbif family 42 gbif genus 303 gbif species 1520 gbif subspecies 41 gbif variety 12 itis NA 915 itis family 42 itis genus 237 itis species 796 itis variety 4 mdd NA 1993 ncbi NA 846 ncbi clade 1 ncbi family 38 ncbi genus 288 ncbi section 1 ncbi species 811 ncbi species group 1 ncbi subgenus 12 ncbi subspecies 2 ncbi tribe 1 ncbi varietas 2 pbdb NA 1846 pbdb family 41 pbdb genus 100 pbdb species 6 pbdb suborder 1 tpt NA 1989 tpt species 4 wfo NA 796 wfo family 40 wfo genus 235 wfo section 2 wfo species 906 wfo subgenus 2 wfo subspecies 14 wfo tribe 1 wfo variety 6 worms NA 1678 worms family 37 worms genus 134 worms species 143 worms subspecies 2 worms tribe 1 Name relationship types per catalog. Name relationship type "NONE" means that a name was not recognized by the associated catalog. "SAME_AS" indicates either a "HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME" or "SYNONYM_OF" name relationship type. We recognize that "SYNONYM_OF" encompasses many types of nomenclatural synonymies resolvedCatalogName relationName count col HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2179 col NONE 194 col SYNONYM_OF 580 discoverlife NONE 2009 discoverlife HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 533 discoverlife SYNONYM_OF 91 discoverlife HOMONYM_OF 17 gbif HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 2593 gbif SYNONYM_OF 883 gbif NONE 105 itis HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 1586 itis NONE 927 itis SYNONYM_OF 121 mdd NONE 2600 ncbi SAME_AS 1812 ncbi NONE 866 ncbi SYNONYM_OF 133 pbdb NONE 2209 pbdb HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 389 pbdb SYNONYM_OF 5 tpt NONE 2596 tpt SYNONYM_OF 1 tpt HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 4 wfo NONE 1371 wfo SYNONYM_OF 312 wfo HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 1021 wfo HAS_UNCHECKED_NAME 53 worms NONE 2136 worms SYNONYM_OF 87 worms HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME 442 List of Available Name Alignment Reports catalog name alignment results col associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) ncbi associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) discoverlife associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) gbif associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) itis associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) wfo associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) mdd associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) tpt associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) pbdb associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) worms associated names alignments report in gzipped html, csv, and tsv) Additional Reviews Elton, Nomer, and other tools may have difficulties interpreting existing species interaction datasets. Or, they may misbehave, or otherwise show unexpected behavior. As part of the review process, detailed review notes are kept that document possibly misbehaving, or confused, review bots. An sample of review notes associated with this review can be found below. First few lines in the review notes. reviewDate reviewCommentType reviewComment 2025-04-10T09:45:17Z summary zenodo.org 2025-04-10T09:45:17Z summary 5780 interaction(s) 2025-04-10T09:45:17Z summary 0 note(s) 2025-04-10T09:45:17Z summary 5782 info(s) In addition, you can find the most frequently occurring notes in the table below. : Most frequently occurring review notes, if any. For additional information on review notes, please have a look at the first 500 Review Notes in html format or the download full gzipped csv or tsv archives. GloBI Review Badge As part of the review, a review badge is generated. This review badge can be included in webpages to indicate the review status of the dataset under review. Picture of a GloBI Review Badge 3 Note that if the badge is green, no review notes were generated. If the badge is yellow, the review bots may need some help with interpreting the species interaction data. GloBI Index Badge If the dataset under review has been registered with GloBI, and has been succesfully indexed by GloBI, the GloBI Index Status Badge will turn green. This means that the dataset under review was indexed by GloBI and is available through GloBI services and derived data products. Picture of a GloBI Index Badge 4 If you'd like to keep track of reviews or index status of the dataset under review, please visit GloBI's dataset index 5 for badge examples. Discussion This review and archive provides a means of creating citable versions of datasets that change frequently. This may be useful for dataset managers, including natural history collection data managers, as a backup archive of a shared Darwin Core archive. It also serves as a means of creating a trackable citation for the dataset in an automated way, while also including some information about the contents of the dataset. This review aims to provide a perspective on the dataset to aid in understanding of species interaction claims discovered. However, it is important to note that this review does not assess the quality of the dataset. Instead, it serves as an indication of the open-ness6 and FAIRness (Wilkinson et al. 2016; Trekels et al. 2023) of the dataset: to perform this review, the data was likely openly available, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable. The current Open-FAIR assessment is qualitative, and a more quantitative approach can be implemented with specified measurement units. This report also showcases the reuse of machine-actionable (meta)data, something highly recommended by the FAIR Data Principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016). Making (meta)data machine-actionable enables more precise procesing by computers, enabling even naive review bots like Nomer and Elton to interpret the data effectively. This capability is crucial for not just automating the generation of reports, but also for facilitating seamless data exchanges, promoting interoperability. Acknowledgements We thank the many humans that created us and those who created and maintained the data, software and other intellectual resources that were used for producing this review. In addition, we are grateful for the natural resources providing the basis for these human and bot activities. Also, thanks to github.com for helping improve the layout of the review tables. Author contributions Nomer was responsible for name alignments. Elton carried out dataset extraction, and generated the review notes. Preston tracked, versioned, and packaged, the dataset under review. References Elliott, Michael, Jorrit Poelen, Icaro Alzuru, Emilio Berti, and partha04patel. 2025. "Bio-Guoda/Preston: 0.10.5." Zenodo. doi.org. ICZN. 1999. "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature." The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK. iczn.org. Kuhn, Tobias, and Michel Dumontier. 2014. "Trusty URIs: Verifiable, Immutable, and Permanent Digital Artifacts for Linked Data." In The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges, edited by Valentina Presutti, Claudia d'Amato, Fabien Gandon, Mathieu d'Aquin, Steffen Staab, and Anna Tordai, 395–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Kuhn, Tobias, Jorrit Poelen, and Katrin Leinweber. 2025. "Globalbioticinteractions/Elton: 0.15.1." Zenodo. doi.org. Poelen, Jorrit H. (ed.). 2024. "Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources Hash://Sha256/ B60c0d25a16ae77b24305782017b1a270b79b5d1746f832650 F2027ba536e276 Hash://Md5/17f1363a277ee0e4ecaf1b91c665e47e." Zenodo. doi.org. Poelen, Jorrit H., James D. Simons, and Chris J. Mungall. 2014. "Global Biotic Interactions: An Open Infrastructure to Share and Analyze Species-Interaction Datasets." Ecological Informatics 24 (November): 148–59. doi.org. Poelen, Jorrit, Katja Seltmann, and Daniel Mietchen. 2024. "Globalbioticinteractions/Globinizer: 0.4.0." Zenodo. doi.org. Salim, José Augusto, and Jorrit Poelen. 2025. "Globalbioticinteractions/Nomer: 0.5.15." Zenodo. doi.org. Trekels, Maarten, Debora Pignatari Drucker, José Augusto Salim, Jeff Ollerton, Jorrit Poelen, Filipi Miranda Soares, Max Rünzel, Muo Kasina, Quentin Groom, and Mariano Devoto. 2023. "WorldFAIR Project (D10.1) Agriculture-related pollinator data standards use cases report." Zenodo. doi.org. Wilkinson, Mark D., Michel Dumontier, IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, Gabrielle Appleton, Myles Axton, Arie Baak, Niklas Blomberg, et al. 2016. "The FAIR Guiding Principles for Scientific Data Management and Stewardship." Scientific Data 3 (1). doi.org. Note that you have to first get the data (e.g., via elton pull globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees) before being able to generate reviews (e.g., elton review globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees), extract interaction claims (e.g., elton interactions globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees), or list taxonomic names (e.g., elton names globalbioticinteractions/Catalogue-of-Afrotropical-Bees)↩︎ Disclaimer: The results in this review should be considered friendly, yet naive, notes from an unsophisticated robot. Please keep that in mind when considering the review results.↩︎ Up-to-date status of the GloBI Review Badge can be retrieved from the GloBI Review Depot↩︎ Up-to-date status of the GloBI Index Badge can be retrieved from GloBI's API↩︎ At time of writing (2025-04-10) the version of the GloBI dataset index was available at globalbioticinteractions.org According to opendefinition.org: "Open data is data that can be freely used, re-used and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike."↩︎