The Climate Risk Report was developed by the South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) in collaboration with the South African Weather Service (SAWS). The report was commissioned by the Presidential Climate Commission (PCC) and the African Climate Foundation. The Climate Risk Report assesses South Africa's climate risk by evaluating both climate variability and long-term climate change while also reviewing the country’s climate services infrastructure. The report provides an updated synthesis of climate variability modulators based on current literature, analyses observed climate trends and projections and discusses their potential impacts. This report serves as a critical resource for understanding climate risks and informing adaptation and mitigation strategies.