This dataset supports the scoping review “Mining-Related Environmental Exposures and Cancer in North-Central Nigeria: A Scoping Review of the Evidence Chain.” It contains study-level screening and eligibility decisions, geographic and mining-context characteristics, contaminant and radionuclide classifications, environmental and human matrices, study designs, evidence-chain classifications, and exclusion decisions used in the review. The final synthesis comprises 55 eligible reports representing 54 unique studies. Evidence-chain classifications distinguish environmental contamination, exposure pathways, modeled dose or health risk, human biomonitoring, biological effects, and observed cancer outcomes. One eligible companion publication is linked to its underlying study to prevent double counting at study level. The dataset is provided to support transparency and reproducibility of the review. Copyrighted full-text articles and proprietary database-exported records are not included.